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The wonderful UTL_FILE package enables you to write to and read from operating system files easily. The UTL_FILE package provides you with a restricted version of standard operating-system stream file I/O. Listing 24-18 shows you the main procedures and functions in the UTL_FILE package. The procedures let you open, read from, write to, and close the operating system files. Oracle also uses a client-side text I/O package, the TEXT_IO package, as part of the Oracle Procedure Builder. Listing 24-18. Describing the UTL_FILE Package SQL> DESC utl_file Argument Name Type In/Out Default -------------------------------- ----------------------- -----FUNCTION FOPEN RETURNS RECORD /* Opens a file for input/output */ ID BINARY_INTEGER OUT DATATYPE BINARY_INTEGER OUT LOCATION VARCHAR2 IN FILENAME VARCHAR2 IN OPEN_MODE VARCHAR2 IN PROCEDURE FCLOSE /* Closes a file */ FILE RECORD IN/OUT ID BINARY_INTEGER IN/OUT DATATYPE BINARY_INTEGER IN/OUT PROCEDURE FFLUSH /* Writes all pending output to a file */ FILE RECORD IN ID BINARY_INTEGER IN DATATYPE BINARY_INTEGER IN BUFFER VARCHAR2 OUT PROCEDURE NEW_LINE /* Writes an end of line terminator */ FILE RECORD IN ID BINARY_INTEGER IN DATATYPE BINARY_INTEGER IN LINES BINARY_INTEGER IN DEFAULT PROCEDURE PUT

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/* Writes a line to a file */ FILE RECORD IN ID BINARY_INTEGER IN DATATYPE BINARY_INTEGER IN BUFFER VARCHAR2 IN PROCEDURE PUT_LINE /* Writes a single line to the file, and includes a line terminator */ FILE RECORD IN ID BINARY_INTEGER IN DATATYPE BINARY_INTEGER IN BUFFER VARCHAR2 IN SQL>

It s easy to use the UTL_FILE package to read from and write to the operating system files. In many cases, when you need to create reports, the UTL_FILE package is ideal for creating the file, which you can then send to external sources using the FTP utility. The following sections take you through a simple example that illustrates the use of this package.

if test $curr_proc_size -gt $value -a \ $curr_proc_size -lt $errval then notify "Warning" $killoption $process $pid \ $curr_proc_size $value "blocks of virtual size" elif test $curr_proc_size -ge $errval then notify "Error" $killoption $process $pid \ $curr_proc_size $value "blocks of virtual size" else test $debug -gt 0 && echo "process virtual size ok" fi ;;

The first step in using the UTL_FILE package is to create the directory where you want to place the operating system files. You need to create a special directory for this purpose, using the following command: SQL> CREATE DIRECTORY utl_dir AS '/u50/oradata/archive_data'; /*the directory could be named anything you want - utl_dir is just an example*/ Directory created. SQL>

The UTL_FILE_DIR initialization parameter is still valid, but Oracle doesn t recommend using it anymore. Tip Oracle recommends that you use the new CREATE DIRECTORY command instead. Using the CREATE DIRECTORY approach is better because you don t have to restart the database (when you want to add the UTL_FILE_DIR parameter).

You must grant your users privileges to read and write files in the utl_dir directory that you just created. You can do this by executing the following command: SQL> GRANT READ, WRITE ON DIRECTORY utl_dir to public; Grant succeeded. SQL>

The UTL_FILE package uses its many procedures and functions to perform file manipulation and text writing and reading activities. The next sections briefly cover the key procedures and functions in the UTL_FILE package.

.NET introduces a new security model called Code Access Security (CAS) Like garbage collection and JIT compilation, CAS is a NET feature that cannot be turned off (apart from a debugging option that I will explain later in this chapter) Therefore, you must consider how CAS influences the execution of your code Failing to consider impacts of CAS up front will likely cause unhappy surprises for your project For example, if you extend your application with managed features, you can no longer run it from a network share unless you change the default CAS configuration on the client machines! To understand how CAS impacts the loading and execution of assemblies created with /clr or /clr:pure, you have to take a look at the compilation model that has been silently ignored so far: /clr:safe.

Finally we close the monitor case statement and the two inner processing loops. The script then goes to sleep for the configured amount of time before starting over again. It will then continue its monitoring until the monitor itself dies or is killed or the system is shut down.

UTL_FILE.FILE_TYPE is a file-handling data type, and you use it for all the procedures and functions of the UTL_FILE package. Any time you use the UTL_FILE package within a PL/SQL anonymous code block or a procedure, you must first declare a file handle of UTL_FILE.FILE_TYPE, as you ll see later.

You use the FOPEN function to open an operating system file for input and output. You can open a file in three modes: read (r), write (w), or append (a).

To read from a file, you first specify the read (r) mode when you open a file using the FOPEN function. The GET_LINE procedure enables you to read one line of text at a time from the specified operating system file.